Activation of host translational control pathways by a viral developmental switch.

TitleActivation of host translational control pathways by a viral developmental switch.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2009
AuthorsArias C, Walsh D, Harbell J, Wilson AC, Mohr I
JournalPLoS Pathog
Volume5
Issue3
Paginatione1000334
Date Published2009 Mar
ISSN1553-7374
KeywordsAdaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Herpesvirus 8, Human, Humans, Immediate-Early Proteins, Immunoblotting, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Protein Biosynthesis, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Trans-Activators, Virus Activation
Abstract

In response to numerous signals, latent herpesvirus genomes abruptly switch their developmental program, aborting stable host-cell colonization in favor of productive viral replication that ultimately destroys the cell. To achieve a rapid gene expression transition, newly minted capped, polyadenylated viral mRNAs must engage and reprogram the cellular translational apparatus. While transcriptional responses of viral genomes undergoing lytic reactivation have been amply documented, roles for cellular translational control pathways in enabling the latent-lytic switch have not been described. Using PEL-derived B-cells naturally infected with KSHV as a model, we define efficient reactivation conditions and demonstrate that reactivation substantially changes the protein synthesis profile. New polypeptide synthesis correlates with 4E-BP1 translational repressor inactivation, nuclear PABP accumulation, eIF4F assembly, and phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eIF4E by Mnk1. Significantly, inhibiting Mnk1 reduces accumulation of the critical viral transactivator RTA through a post-transcriptional mechanism, limiting downstream lytic protein production, and impairs reactivation efficiency. Thus, herpesvirus reactivation from latency activates the host cap-dependent translation machinery, illustrating the importance of translational regulation in implementing new developmental instructions that drastically alter cell fate.

DOI10.1371/journal.ppat.1000334
Alternate JournalPLoS Pathog.
PubMed ID19300492
PubMed Central IDPMC2652079
Grant ListR01 GM056927 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
GM61139 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
R01 GM061139 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
S10 RR017970 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States
AI073898 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States
GM056927 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
R01 AI073898 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States
P30 AI027742 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States